/* Research-article layout: one reading column, wider figures, hairline rules. */
:root {
  --bg:#fcfbf8;
  --surface:#ffffff;
  --ink:#1d1c1a;
  --ink-2:#47453f;
  --muted:#6f6c66;
  --rule:#d9d5cc;
  --rule-soft:#ebe8e1;
  --tint:#f4f2ed;
  --accent:#b5412a;
  --accent-ink:#9a3420;
  --accent-soft:#f3e3dd;
  --base:#8a8780;
  --link:#9a3420;
  --serif:Charter,"Bitstream Charter","Sitka Text",Cambria,Georgia,serif;
  --sans:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif;
  --mono:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;
  color-scheme:light;
}

* {
  box-sizing:border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior:smooth;
  scroll-padding-top:16px;
}

body {
  margin:0;
  background:var(--bg);
  color:var(--ink);
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-size:18px;
  line-height:1.65;
  font-synthesis:none;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;
}

a {
  color:var(--link);
  text-decoration:underline;
  text-decoration-thickness:1px;
  text-underline-offset:3px;
  text-decoration-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--link) 40%,transparent);
}

a:hover {
  text-decoration-color:currentColor;
}

button,select {
  font:inherit;
  color:inherit;
}

button {
  cursor:pointer;
}

button:disabled,select:disabled {
  cursor:wait;
  opacity:.55;
}

:focus-visible {
  outline:2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset:3px;
}

sub {
  font-size:.65em;
  line-height:0;
}

.col {
  max-width:720px;
  margin-left:auto;
  margin-right:auto;
  padding-left:24px;
  padding-right:24px;
}

.page-wide {
  max-width:1080px;
  margin-left:auto;
  margin-right:auto;
  padding-left:24px;
  padding-right:24px;
}

/* Header and footer */
.site-header {
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:14px;
}

.header-row {
  display:flex;
  align-items:baseline;
  justify-content:space-between;
  gap:24px;
  padding-top:14px;
  padding-bottom:14px;
}

.wordmark {
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-size:19px;
  font-weight:700;
  color:var(--ink);
  text-decoration:none;
}

.site-header nav {
  display:flex;
  gap:22px;
  flex-wrap:wrap;
}

.site-header nav a {
  color:var(--ink-2);
  text-decoration:none;
}

.site-header nav a:hover {
  color:var(--ink);
  text-decoration:underline;
}

.site-footer {
  margin-top:72px;
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule);
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:13px;
  color:var(--muted);
}

.footer-row {
  display:flex;
  justify-content:space-between;
  gap:24px;
  padding-top:22px;
  padding-bottom:40px;
}

.footer-links {
  display:flex;
  gap:18px;
}

/* Title block */
.title-block {
  padding-top:72px;
  padding-bottom:8px;
}

h1 {
  font-size:56px;
  line-height:1.05;
  font-weight:700;
  letter-spacing:-.01em;
  margin:0;
}

.subtitle {
  font-size:24px;
  line-height:1.35;
  color:var(--ink-2);
  margin:14px 0 28px;
  max-width:30em;
}

.lede {
  font-size:20px;
  margin:0 0 22px;
}

.title-links {
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:15px;
  display:flex;
  flex-wrap:wrap;
  gap:8px 26px;
  margin:0;
}

/* Sections and running text */
section {
  margin-top:64px;
}

h2 {
  font-size:30px;
  line-height:1.2;
  font-weight:600;
  margin:0 0 16px;
  padding-top:22px;
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule);
}

.secnum {
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:15px;
  font-weight:600;
  color:var(--accent);
  margin-right:14px;
  vertical-align:4px;
}

p {
  margin:0 0 18px;
}

figure {
  margin:36px auto 0;
}

figcaption {
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:13.5px;
  line-height:1.55;
  color:var(--muted);
  margin-top:12px;
}

figcaption b,caption b {
  color:var(--ink);
  font-weight:600;
}

/* Figure 1: teaser */
.teaser {
  margin-top:44px;
}

.teaser-row {
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:190px 1fr;
  gap:20px;
  align-items:center;
  padding:16px 0;
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}

.teaser-row:first-child {
  border-top:0;
}

.teaser-label {
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:14px;
  font-weight:600;
}

.teaser-label small {
  display:block;
  font-weight:400;
  color:var(--muted);
  font-size:12.5px;
}

.cache-grid {
  display:grid;
  gap:3px;
}

.full-grid {
  grid-template-columns:repeat(20,1fr);
}

.cache-grid i {
  display:block;
  aspect-ratio:1;
  background:#b9b5ac;
}

.full-grid i:nth-child(n+41) {
  background:#d6d2c9;
}

.teaser-compressed {
  display:flex;
  align-items:center;
  gap:14px;
}

.small-grid {
  width:38%;
  grid-template-columns:repeat(10,1fr);
}

.small-grid i,.key-swatch {
  background:var(--ink-2);
}

.op {
  font-family:var(--sans);
  color:var(--muted);
}

.predictor-symbol {
  font-style:italic;
  font-size:28px;
  line-height:1;
  color:var(--ink);
  padding:6px 8px;
  border:1px solid var(--ink-2);
  background:var(--surface);
}

.residual-grid {
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:repeat(3,9px);
  gap:4px;
}

.residual-grid i,.residual-swatch {
  display:block;
  width:9px;
  height:9px;
  background:var(--accent);
}

.swatch {
  display:inline-block;
  width:9px;
  height:9px;
  margin-right:5px;
  vertical-align:0;
}

.value-swatch {
  border:1px solid var(--ink-2);
  background:var(--surface);
}

/* Table 1 */
.highlights {
  width:100%;
  border-collapse:collapse;
  border-top:1.5px solid var(--ink);
  border-bottom:1.5px solid var(--ink);
  caption-side:bottom;
}

.highlights caption {
  text-align:left;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:13.5px;
  color:var(--muted);
  padding-top:12px;
}

.highlights th,.highlights td {
  padding:13px 12px 13px 0;
  vertical-align:baseline;
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  text-align:left;
}

.highlights tr:first-child th,.highlights tr:first-child td {
  border-top:0;
}

.highlights th {
  font-size:28px;
  font-weight:600;
  white-space:nowrap;
  font-variant-numeric:lining-nums tabular-nums;
  padding-right:22px;
}

.highlights td {
  font-size:16.5px;
  line-height:1.45;
}

.highlights .source {
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:12.5px;
  color:var(--muted);
  width:30%;
  padding-right:0;
}

/* Figure 2: recorded demo */
.demo {
  margin-top:30px;
}

.demo > :not(figcaption) {
  background:var(--surface);
  border-left:1px solid var(--rule);
  border-right:1px solid var(--rule);
}

.demo > :first-child {
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule);
}

.demo > figcaption {
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule);
  margin-top:0;
  padding-top:12px;
}

.demo-toolbar {
  display:flex;
  justify-content:space-between;
  align-items:baseline;
  gap:12px;
  flex-wrap:wrap;
  padding:12px 20px;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:13px;
  color:var(--muted);
}

.demo-toolbar p {
  margin:0;
}

.demo-toolbar strong {
  color:var(--ink);
  font-weight:600;
}

#load-error {
  margin:0;
  padding:12px 20px;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:14px;
  color:var(--accent-ink);
}

.controls {
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));
  gap:16px;
  padding:16px 20px;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}

.controls label {
  display:grid;
  gap:5px;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:12.5px;
  color:var(--muted);
}

.controls select {
  width:100%;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:15px;
  color:var(--ink);
  background:var(--surface);
  border:1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius:2px;
  padding:8px 10px;
}

.baseline-note {
  margin:0;
  padding:12px 20px;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:13.5px;
  line-height:1.5;
  color:var(--ink-2);
  background:var(--accent-soft) !important;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}

.challenge {
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.15fr) minmax(0,1fr);
}

.document-panel {
  padding:18px 20px 20px;
  border-right:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}

.answers-panel {
  display:grid;
  align-content:start;
}

.panel-heading {
  display:flex;
  justify-content:space-between;
  align-items:baseline;
  gap:12px;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:12.5px;
  font-weight:600;
  color:var(--ink-2);
}

.panel-label {
  display:block;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:12.5px;
  font-weight:600;
  color:var(--ink-2);
  margin-bottom:4px;
}

.plain-button {
  background:none;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:13px;
  font-weight:400;
  color:var(--link);
  text-decoration:underline;
  text-decoration-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--link) 40%,transparent);
  text-underline-offset:3px;
}

.document-map {
  position:relative;
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:repeat(48,1fr);
  gap:2px;
  height:46px;
  margin-top:14px;
  align-items:end;
}

.document-map i {
  height:24px;
  background:var(--rule-soft);
}

.document-map i:nth-child(3n) {
  height:30px;
}

.document-map .fact-marker {
  position:absolute;
  bottom:0;
  width:6px;
  height:40px;
  padding:0;
  background:var(--accent);
  border:0;
  transform:translateX(-50%);
}

.map-axis {
  display:flex;
  justify-content:space-between;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:11.5px;
  color:var(--muted);
  margin-top:4px;
}

.facts {
  display:flex;
  flex-wrap:wrap;
  gap:6px 14px;
  margin:12px 0 0;
}

.fact-chip {
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:13px;
  color:var(--ink-2);
}

#document-text {
  max-height:280px;
  overflow:auto;
  white-space:pre-wrap;
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:12.5px;
  line-height:1.6;
  margin:14px 0 0;
  padding:12px;
  background:var(--tint);
  border:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}

.question-box {
  margin-top:18px;
  padding-top:14px;
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}

.question-box p {
  margin:0;
  font-size:17px;
  line-height:1.5;
}

.answer-card {
  padding:18px 20px;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}

.answer-card:last-child {
  border-bottom:0;
}

.legend-dot {
  display:inline-block;
  width:10px;
  height:10px;
  margin-right:8px;
  vertical-align:-1px;
}

.baseline-color {
  background:var(--base);
}

.lowram-color {
  background:var(--accent);
}

.answer-score {
  font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;
  color:var(--ink);
}

.answer-text {
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:15px;
  line-height:1.5;
  margin:10px 0 8px;
  overflow-wrap:anywhere;
}

.answer-checks {
  display:flex;
  flex-wrap:wrap;
  gap:4px 14px;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:12.5px;
  color:var(--ink-2);
}

.answer-checks span.missed {
  color:var(--accent-ink);
}

.metrics-area {
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1.15fr);
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}

.memory-comparison {
  padding:18px 20px;
  border-right:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}

#memory-saving {
  font-weight:400;
  color:var(--muted);
}

.memory-row {
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:118px minmax(0,1fr) 78px;
  gap:12px;
  align-items:center;
  margin-top:14px;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:13px;
  color:var(--ink-2);
}

.memory-row strong {
  text-align:right;
  font-weight:600;
  color:var(--ink);
  font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;
}

.bar-track {
  height:14px;
  background:var(--tint);
}

.bar {
  height:100%;
  width:0;
  transition:width .4s ease;
}

.table-scroll {
  overflow-x:auto;
}

.metric-table {
  width:100%;
  border-collapse:collapse;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:13.5px;
}

.metric-table th,.metric-table td {
  text-align:right;
  padding:9px 20px 9px 12px;
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;
  white-space:nowrap;
}

.metric-table th:first-child,.metric-table td:first-child {
  text-align:left;
  padding-left:20px;
  color:var(--ink-2);
}

.metric-table thead th {
  white-space:normal;
  font-weight:600;
  color:var(--ink);
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink-2);
}

.metric-table tbody tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom:0;
}

/* Section 2: method */
.method-layout {
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);
  gap:44px;
  margin-top:30px;
  align-items:start;
}

.method-steps {
  list-style:none;
  margin:0;
  padding:0;
}

.method-steps li {
  position:relative;
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}

.method-steps li:last-child {
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}

.method-step {
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:28px 1fr;
  gap:8px;
  width:100%;
  text-align:left;
  background:none;
  border:0;
  border-left:2px solid transparent;
  padding:14px 26px 14px 14px;
  font-family:var(--serif);
  font-size:16.5px;
  line-height:1.5;
  color:var(--ink-2);
}

.method-step b {
  color:var(--ink);
  font-weight:600;
}

.method-step:hover {
  background:var(--tint);
}

.method-step.active {
  border-left-color:var(--accent);
  background:var(--surface);
  color:var(--ink);
}

.step-num {
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:14px;
  font-weight:600;
  color:var(--muted);
  padding-top:2px;
}

.method-step.active .step-num {
  color:var(--accent);
}

.cite {
  position:absolute;
  right:8px;
  top:14px;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:12px;
  line-height:1;
}

.cite a {
  text-decoration:none;
}

.method-visual {
  margin:0;
  padding:24px;
  background:var(--surface);
  border:1px solid var(--rule);
}

.visual-stage {
  display:flex;
  gap:10px;
  align-items:center;
  justify-content:center;
  height:130px;
}

.visual-stage .matrix {
  display:grid;
  gap:3px;
  grid-template-columns:repeat(6,11px);
}

.visual-stage .matrix i {
  width:11px;
  height:11px;
  background:var(--ink-2);
}

.visual-stage .matrix.thin {
  grid-template-columns:repeat(2,11px);
}

.visual-stage .matrix.wide i {
  background:#b9b5ac;
}

.visual-stage .matrix.exceptions i:nth-child(5n) {
  background:var(--accent);
}

.visual-stage .matrix.selected i {
  background:var(--rule-soft);
}

.visual-stage .matrix.selected i:nth-child(3n) {
  background:var(--ink-2);
}

.visual-stage .operator {
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:22px;
  color:var(--muted);
}

.visual-stage .predictor-symbol {
  font-size:34px;
  padding:10px 12px;
}

.visual-stage > * {
  animation:assemble .3s ease both;
}

@keyframes assemble {
  from {
    opacity:.2;
  }
  to {
    opacity:1;
  }
}

.formula {
  font-size:26px;
  font-style:italic;
  text-align:center;
  margin:14px 0 4px;
}

.method-visual figcaption {
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  padding-top:12px;
}

/* Accents drawn above the letter, so their position does not depend on font support for combining marks. */
.accented {
  position:relative;
  display:inline-block;
}

.accent {
  position:absolute;
  left:62%;
  top:-.08em;
  transform:translateX(-50%);
  font-size:1.2em;
  font-style:normal;
  line-height:1;
}

#method-title {
  color:var(--ink);
  font-weight:600;
}

/* Section 3: charts */
.chart-figure {
  margin-top:36px;
}

.chart svg {
  display:block;
  width:100%;
  height:auto;
  overflow:visible;
  font-family:var(--sans);
}

.chart .gridline {
  stroke:var(--rule-soft);
  stroke-width:1;
}

.chart .gridline.reference {
  stroke:var(--base);
  stroke-dasharray:4 4;
}

.chart .tick {
  font-size:12px;
  fill:var(--muted);
  font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;
}

.chart .axis-label {
  font-size:12px;
  fill:var(--ink-2);
}

.chart .series-label {
  font-size:12.5px;
  fill:var(--ink);
}

.chart .oom-label {
  font-size:10px;
  fill:var(--muted);
}

.chart .point {
  cursor:pointer;
  transition:r .15s;
}

.chart .point:hover,.chart .point:focus {
  r:7;
  stroke:var(--ink);
  stroke-width:1.5;
  outline:none;
}

.chart-legend {
  display:flex;
  flex-wrap:wrap;
  gap:6px 20px;
  margin-top:8px;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:12.5px;
  color:var(--ink-2);
}

.chart-legend i {
  display:inline-block;
  width:10px;
  height:10px;
  margin-right:6px;
  vertical-align:-1px;
}

.point-detail {
  min-height:2.6em;
  margin-top:10px;
  padding:8px 12px;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:13.5px;
  color:var(--ink);
  background:var(--tint);
  border-left:2px solid var(--rule);
}

/* Section 4: code */
.code-block {
  position:relative;
  margin-top:20px;
  background:var(--tint);
  border:1px solid var(--rule);
}

.code-block pre {
  margin:0;
  padding:18px 20px;
  overflow-x:auto;
  font-family:var(--mono);
  font-size:13.5px;
  line-height:1.6;
  color:var(--ink);
}

#copy-command {
  position:absolute;
  top:10px;
  right:14px;
  font-size:12.5px;
}

/* References */
#references h2 {
  font-size:22px;
}

.references {
  font-size:15.5px;
  line-height:1.55;
  padding-left:22px;
  margin:0;
}

.references li {
  margin-bottom:8px;
}

.references li:target {
  background:var(--accent-soft);
}

/* Utilities */
.sr-only {
  position:absolute;
  width:1px;
  height:1px;
  padding:0;
  margin:-1px;
  overflow:hidden;
  clip:rect(0,0,0,0);
  white-space:nowrap;
  border:0;
}

.skip {
  position:absolute;
  left:-9999px;
  top:8px;
  z-index:10;
  padding:8px 12px;
  background:var(--surface);
  border:1px solid var(--ink);
  font-family:var(--sans);
}

.skip:focus {
  left:16px;
}

@media (max-width:860px) {
  .challenge,.metrics-area,.method-layout {
    grid-template-columns:1fr;
  }
  .document-panel,.memory-comparison {
    border-right:0;
    border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  }
  .method-layout {
    gap:24px;
  }
}

@media (max-width:600px) {
  body {
    font-size:17px;
  }
  .col,.page-wide {
    padding-left:16px;
    padding-right:16px;
  }
  .header-row {
    flex-direction:column;
    gap:6px;
  }
  .site-header nav {
    gap:16px;
  }
  .title-block {
    padding-top:44px;
  }
  h1 {
    font-size:42px;
  }
  .subtitle {
    font-size:20px;
  }
  .lede {
    font-size:18px;
  }
  h2 {
    font-size:25px;
  }
  .teaser-row {
    grid-template-columns:1fr;
    gap:10px;
  }
  .highlights th {
    font-size:22px;
    padding-right:12px;
  }
  .highlights tbody,.highlights tr {
    display:block;
  }
  .highlights tr {
    display:grid;
    grid-template-columns:76px minmax(0,1fr);
    border-top:1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  }
  .highlights tr:first-child {
    border-top:0;
  }
  .highlights th,.highlights td {
    border-top:0;
  }
  .highlights th {
    grid-row:span 2;
  }
  .highlights td {
    padding-bottom:4px;
  }
  .highlights .source {
    width:auto;
    padding-top:0;
    padding-bottom:13px;
  }
  .controls {
    grid-template-columns:1fr;
  }
  .demo-toolbar,.controls,.baseline-note,#load-error,.document-panel,.answer-card,.memory-comparison {
    padding-left:14px;
    padding-right:14px;
  }
  .memory-row {
    grid-template-columns:96px minmax(0,1fr) auto;
    gap:10px;
    font-size:12.5px;
  }
  .memory-row strong {
    white-space:nowrap;
  }
  .metric-table {
    font-size:12.5px;
  }
  .metric-table th,.metric-table td {
    padding:8px 14px 8px 8px;
  }
  .metric-table td:first-child {
    white-space:normal;
  }
  .metric-table th:first-child,.metric-table td:first-child {
    padding-left:14px;
  }
  .visual-stage {
    transform:scale(.8);
  }
  .chart {
    overflow-x:auto;
  }
  .chart svg {
    min-width:640px;
  }
  .footer-row {
    flex-direction:column;
    gap:8px;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior:auto;
  }
  *,*::before,*::after {
    animation:none !important;
    transition:none !important;
  }
}